A new study has found that a child's reading speed can be improved by simply increasing the space between letters within a piece of text.The research，led by Dr Steven Stagg of Anglia Ruskin University（ARU），examined the benefits of letter spacing and coloured overlays（顏色標注）among children.
Two groups of children，dyslexic（有閱讀障礙的）and non-dyslexic children，were asked to read four texts with either standard or extra-large letter spacing，both with and without a coloured overlay.They were instructed to read the text out loud while being recorded.The recording was used to measure the number of errors they made —specifically missed words，added words，wrong words，and pronunciation—as well as the participants' reading time.
The study discovered that text with increased space between letters provided a benefit for both groups.On average，the dyslexia group showed a 13% increase in reading speed，while the group of non-dyslexic children showed a 5% jye.aicrease.In addition to improving reading speed，it also resulted in a significant decline in the number of words missed by the children with dyslexia.However，the study found that coloured overlays had no significant impact on reading speed or the reduction of errors for either group.
Dr Stagg，Senior Lecturer in Psychology at ARU，said："We believe extra-large letter spacing works by reducing what is known as the 'crowding effect'，which can hamper the recognition of letters and reduce reading speed."
"Our findings strongly suggest that teachers can be confident that all children would be helped by increased letter spacing in reading materials."Dr Stagg added."While we found that coloured overlays provided little benefit，we suggest children should be encouraged to use overlays if they find these help their reading.Coloured overlays may not increase reading speeds，but they may extend reading stamina（持久力）.Previous research suggests their benefits may not become apparent if reading time is less than 10 minutes and the short reading duration of the tests in our study may have put coloured overlays at a disadvantage."
（1）Which of the following best describes the research process in paragraph 2？ DD
A．Illustrate，group and report.
B．Read，instruct and measure.
C．Question，assume and prove.
D．Categorize，record and count.
（2）What can we learn about increased letter spacing from paragraph 3？ AA
A．It reduces reading errors.
B．It sharpens reading skills.
C．It arouses reading interest.
D．It enhances reading comprehension.
（3）What does the underlined word"hamper"in paragraph 4 probably mean？ BB
A．Obtain.
B．Prevent.
C．Change.
D．Involve.
（4）What can be inferred about coloured overlays from paragraph 5？ AA
A．They might not have been evaluated fairly.
B．They might not be recommended by experts.
C．They might work better in short reading.
D．They might have some disadvantages.
【答案】D；A；B；A
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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：28引用：6難度：0.5
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1．Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world.We go fishing，sit in the garden，have a picnic，live in the suburbs or go to the seaside.The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk.When joggers jog，they don't run on the streets.Every one of them tends to go to the park or the river.
But despite this，our children are growing up naturedeprived（剝奪）.I spent my boyhood climbing trees.These days，children are robbed of the ancient freedom，due to problems like crime，traffic，the loss of the open space and strange new ideas about what is best for children，that is to say，things that can be bought，rather than things that can be found.
The truth is to be found elsewhere.A study in the US：families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder（注意力缺陷多動癥）.Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%；those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.
ADHD is one of the great problems of modern childhood.One study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children.However，we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature.The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years.And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.
We need the wild world.It is essential to our wellbeing，our health and our happiness.
（1）According to the author，people enjoyto seek nature.
A．jogging on the street
B．running in the gym
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（2）From the second paragraph，we can see that.
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C．climbing trees will certainly do good to the children
D．children tend to be happier as a result of their material satisfaction
（3）In what way do people benefit from their contact with nature？
A．Children with ADHD can be cured.
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C．Problems with crime and violent behavior will easily be solved.
D．A garden nearby improves the quality of old people's life.
（4）what is the main idea of this passage？
A．Access to nature improves our life.
B．Nature treats children for ADHD.
C．Getting close to nature reduces crime.
D．Man can't live without natural areas.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
2．It is widely believed that biodiversity（生物多樣性）is promoted to save species.But in reality species exist only as part of ecosystems and cannot survive unless their ecosystems are protected along with as much as possible of the diversity they contain.
Protecting habitats（棲息地）is important for keeping biodiversity.In 2003，over 102，000 habitats covering nearly 19 million square kilometres，or 11.5% of the world's land surface，were under some form of protection.Though this is a great improvement since 1962，when just 1，000 protected habitats were listed，it is still not considered enough to stop the ecocide that is endangering the world's biodiversity.
For a number of environmentalist，protecting the world's 25 biodiversity hotspots（熱點地區(qū)）is critical to saving habitats and species.But many hotspots are endangered already，having lost up to three-quarters of their original plants.
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Protecting hotspots is not simply a matter of putting up fences and employing guards.The best results are achieved when local people are educated about the value of wildlife，and actually gain a share of the benefits from eco-tourism.Only then do they have a chance to see the benefits of protecting hotpots.
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D．It suggests that the local people are well educated.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
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D．Unbelievable.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 15:30:8組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5
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