Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell.Recent studies have found，among other things，that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads."
The review explains that smell is unique in its effects on the brain.According to Conrad King，the researcher who carried out the review，"more than any other senses，the sense of smell goes through the logical（邏輯的） part of the brain and acts on the systems related to feelings.This is why the smell of baking bread can destroy the plan of the best dieter."
Smell has always been the least understood of our senses.Our noses are able to detect up to 10，000 different smells.Our ability to smell and taste this large range of smells is controlled by something like 1，000 genes（基因），which make up an amazing 3% of the human genome（基因組）.Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004 for their amazing research on the nature of this special sense.These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1，000 olfactory（嗅覺） genes and to explain how our olfactory system works.
According如o one study in the research review，smelling fresh pizza or even the packaging of fast foods can be enough to make drivers feel impatient with other road users.They are then more likely to speed and experience uncontrollable anger on roads，The most reasonable explanation is that these can all make drivers feel hungry，and therefore eager to satisfy their needs.
However，the smells of peppermint and cinnamon（薄荷和桂皮） were shown to improve concentration levels as well as reduce drivers' impatience.Similarly，the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to help to get clear thinking and mental focus.
However，the way genes control smell differs from person to person.A study by researchers in Israel has recognized at least 50 olfactory genes which are turned on in some people and not in others.They believe this may explain why some of us love some smells and tastes while others hate jye.aim.The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors（感受器）.
（1）What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find out？ CC
A．The type of food smells.
B．The logical part of human brain.
C．The nature of human olfactory system.
D．The relationship between food and feelings.
（2）Which of the following can help people concentrate？ DD
A．Bread.
B．Fruits.
C．Fast food.
D．Coffee.
（3）What do we know from the last paragraph？ CC
A．Every person has a different pattern of genes.
B．Some people can recognize up to 50 smells.
C．Different people are sensitive to different smells.
D．There are still some olfactory genes to be found out.
（4）What is the passage mainly about？ BB
A．Logic and behaviour.
B．Smell and its influence.
C．Sense ability and food tastes.
D．Olfactory genes and its system.
【答案】C；D；C；B
【解答】
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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：3引用：1難度：0.5
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Protecting habitats（棲息地）is important for keeping biodiversity.In 2003，over 102，000 habitats covering nearly 19 million square kilometres，or 11.5% of the world's land surface，were under some form of protection.Though this is a great improvement since 1962，when just 1，000 protected habitats were listed，it is still not considered enough to stop the ecocide that is endangering the world's biodiversity.
For a number of environmentalist，protecting the world's 25 biodiversity hotspots（熱點地區(qū)）is critical to saving habitats and species.But many hotspots are endangered already，having lost up to three-quarters of their original plants.
The poor state of most biodiversity hotspots results directly from population growth and migration（遷移） into these areas.A study found that by the mid-1990s around 1.1 billion people lived in these hotspots.Moreover，the annual population growth rate in these areas was 1.8%，higher than the global average of 1.4%.The PAI report concluded that human-related environmental changes will continue to put pressure on hotspots.Therefore，keeping biodiversity requires paying close attention to population size.
Protecting hotspots is not simply a matter of putting up fences and employing guards.The best results are achieved when local people are educated about the value of wildlife，and actually gain a share of the benefits from eco-tourism.Only then do they have a chance to see the benefits of protecting hotpots.
（1）What can we infer from paragraph 1？
A．The loss of any species can affect humans.
B．Endangered species are paid more attention to by humans.
C．Species can still survive when their ecosystems are destroyed.
D．Ecosystem protection is as important as diversity protection.
（2）What does the underlined word "ecocide" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Ecosystem protection.
B．Reduction of the number of species.
C．Serious damage to habitats.
D．Habitats protection.
（3）What's the direct cause of the terrible state of the hotspots？
A．Population growth in hotpots.
B．Migration out of these areas.
C．Global warming.
D．The global average population growth rate.
（4）What's the author's opinion on protecting the hotspots？
A．It's simple to carry out.
B．It leads to the increase of tourists.
C．It's closely connected with local people.
D．It suggests that the local people are well educated.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
2．International students who stayed in the US as their classes moved online during the COVID may be forced to leave，following guidelines of the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement published due to the pandemic（流行病）.
"You know I don't want to put my family at risk，I don't want to put myself at risk to travel during a pandemic and go back to Pakistan，and even if I could delay the program for a year，it is not certain that I will get the visa again." said a Pakistani student.
Many students say they need to be in the US for more than attending cljye.ais.As a PhD student，the library is an extremely important resource for them，although it is because of COVED that those services have been closed，which means even this advantage is gone.
"You know more than 90% of the international students who were studying the US when COVID-19 hit and college campuses were closed have to remain in the US and this creates such trouble in their lives and such uncertainty that is unreasonable." said a lady from a university.
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The government said that the policy speaks for itself and that online coursework is not worth a visa.So far，not any sign of change has been within sight.As students are waiting for the policy to improve，their fall programming and their future remain in limbo.
（1）Why would international students prefer to stay in the US during the pandemic？
A．They couldn't delay the program for a year.
B．They can make full use of the library resource.
C．They wouldn't bring any potential danger to their family.
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（2）What do international students staying in the United States think of the new rule？
A．The new rule treats them as American citizens.
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（3）What is the government's attitude towards the new rule？
A．Favorable.
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C．Unfavorable.
D．Unclear.
（4）What does the underlined phrase "in limbo" in the last paragraph mean？
A．Horrible.
B．Flexible.
C．Uncertain.
D．Unbelievable.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 15:30:8組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
3．Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world.We go fishing，sit in the garden，have a picnic，live in the suburbs or go to the seaside.The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk.When joggers jog，they don't run on the streets.Every one of them tends to go to the park or the river.
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We need the wild world.It is essential to our wellbeing，our health and our happiness.
（1）According to the author，people enjoyto seek nature.
A．jogging on the street
B．running in the gym
C．shopping in the supermarket
D．sitting in the garden
（2）From the second paragraph，we can see that.
A．Children don't want to approach nature
B．children probably spend less time in nature nowadays
C．climbing trees will certainly do good to the children
D．children tend to be happier as a result of their material satisfaction
（3）In what way do people benefit from their contact with nature？
A．Children with ADHD can be cured.
B．Children's performance at school is greatly improved.
C．Problems with crime and violent behavior will easily be solved.
D．A garden nearby improves the quality of old people's life.
（4）what is the main idea of this passage？
A．Access to nature improves our life.
B．Nature treats children for ADHD.
C．Getting close to nature reduces crime.
D．Man can't live without natural areas.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5
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